Industry 5.0 is increasingly understood as a human-centric, resilient, and sustainable extension of digital industrial transformation, yet empirical evidence on its implementation at firm level remains limited. Existing studies have relied largely on conceptual discussion or expert-based prioritisation techniques, while the structural relationships among implementation…

We study the effects of batch normalization and spatial dropout on the performance of VGG-11, Network in Network, and GoogLeNet architectures. We incorporate these regularization techniques into each model and evaluate their impact on classification accuracy and average loss. Experimental results show that spatial dropout…

Greenwashing refers to deceptive green marketing strategies used by companies and organizations to enhance their competitive edge and generate higher profits by appealing to environmentally conscious consumers. This practice arises when the actions of these entities do not align with the claims they make regarding…

This paper examines institutional factors influencing the implementation of public investments by local government units in Poland using public-private partnerships (PPP). The study adopts a descriptive-analytical approach supported by statistical analysis and grounded in the theoretical framework of new institutional economics. The empirical analysis is…

As part of larger research that deals with modeling different aspects concerning the oil and gas industry, this paper explores the possibilities of building operational models for optimal decisions in the oil industry with the aid of mathematical programming, aiming at the analysis of investment…

The transport market is an essential element in the functioning of modern economies, being deeply influenced by a series of economic, geopolitical, energy, climate, and health stressors. Since 2000, the European Union has gone through multiple episodes of instability—the global financial crisis, successive enlargements, accelerated…